Study finds over 80% of betting sites recommended by Instagram are illegal in Brazil

Data from the Rede em Jogo project, by CondadoLab at PUC-Rio, revealed that 84% of the betting operators most recommended on Instagram are illegal in Brazil.

The research, published by The Intercept Brasil on Monday, analysed more than 55,000 Instagram accounts and cross-referenced the results with the official list of authorised operators from the Secretariat of Prizes and Bets (SPA).

According to the survey, the problem arises when a user follows a single account related to betting. The platform’s recommendation system then starts showing other profiles in the same segment, including betting sites, influencers and specialised pages.

Among the 100 most recommended profiles are accounts that, together, have accumulated more than 6 million followers and 114,000 posts. There are three main types of profiles recommended by Instagram: operators, content creators and media specialising in the betting market.

The research also identified content that associates betting with investments and the possibility of income.

In one of his Instagram stories, speaking directly to the camera, Pedro (a fictitious name for a “professional gambler”) shares a “unique opportunity”. He says that he is going to release a “super promotion for a premium group, which has higher odds”.

The normal price for access to the Telegram group would be BRL397 ($77.18) per month. But, exclusively on that day, he would release both groups together for “only BRL14.91 per month on the annual plan”. This group is the main product sold by Pedro, where he publishes sports predictions, tips on betting operators and higher-value betting odds.

Illegal betting

The problem is that many of these recommendations involve companies that are not authorised to operate in Brazil. Some may be licensed in other countries, but that doesn’t allow them to operate legally in the Brazilian market.

The research also found profiles of influencers known as tipsters, sports traders and “professional gamblers”. They sell access to groups, predictions, spreadsheets and other products related to betting, while presenting gambling as an income-generating activity.

According to The Intercept, some content even uses expressions like “leaving the CLT [Brazilian labour law]” and “your dream income” to promote this type of activity. There are also screenshots of alleged user earnings and posts that present gambling as a kind of investment.

Recommendations also lead to ‘Fortune Tiger’

These professional content creators on Instagram aren’t limited to sports betting. There are niches of creators focused on casino games, like the controversial Fortune Tiger, with a communication strategy similar to that of sports betting.

Another influencer (fictitious name, João) shares live game-style videos on his stories, simulating high-paying gaming sessions. In them, he points out which operator or game “is paying the most”, while in another piece of content, he posts a screenshot of his exclusive Telegram group, where he shares “highest payout” times for betting on specific games.

In a third publication, he “teaches” the gambler to observe patterns in the game interface, such as an animation on the tiger’s face, a specific glow that appears or a sequence of supposed events that indicate that the big win is about to happen.

On the Instagram profiles of gambling operators, the content varies according to the brand’s strategies. It ranges from the use of humorous and entertaining videos to the generic use of AI in banners advertising promotions, available casino games and important sporting events with betting odds.

International operators

Most of the accounts recommended by Instagram’s algorithm are irregular, especially those from international companies that, although they may be legal in their country of origin, do not have authorisation from the SPA to operate in Brazil, and are therefore illegal.

The specialised media – channels, portals, journalists and gossip profiles – complete this ecosystem with profiles focused on reporting on sports and the promotion of gambling platforms.

Here, advertising for online betting sites is positioned differently. Presented as news, the content talks about the highest odds on the market, features offered by operators, regulatory changes and various cases of bettors, ranging from those who made huge financial gains to those who lost everything. 

It is very common among the different profiles identified to refer to regulatory bodies, such as the National Advertising Self-Regulation Council and SIGAP (Brazil’s betting management system). They also speak of responsible gaming in a generic way. In many cases, this is associated with illegal operators and potentially irregular advertising practices.

In this context, the regulations developed to protect players begin to function as a means of legitimisation, with illegal operators even using the term “authorised” in their communication and the “.bet” extension in their domain, which is intended only for licensed operators.

Meta’s role regarding betting

According to the governance policies of Meta, the owner of Instagram, gambling platforms can use programmatic advertising services and branded content, provided they receive authorisation from the platform. They cannot target content to individuals under 18 or territories where gambling is not regulated.

To obtain Meta’s approval, the company needs to fill out a form and attach documents proving its operating licence. This same form includes a contract, in the form of an “I accept the terms and conditions” button. In it, the advertiser releases Meta from liability for any violations of the content, including legal or administrative proceedings.

The acceptance and authorisation process is restricted to paid media. Regarding organic content that sells, markets, depicts or promotes online gambling, Meta states, in the restricted products and services section, that it encourages safety, prevents potentially harmful activities and displays content only to those over 18 years of age.

The policies in question do not mention the practice of responsible gaming and do not detail other legal and regulatory obligations. They also do not specify the resources used to validate certifications, monitor licences and content, identify irregular practices and operators, or apply moderation measures. 

Systemic risk

The absence of governance policies aligned with current regulations and Instagram’s algorithmic recommendations reveals not only an ecosystem that fuels gambling as an alternative to work, but above all, points to a systemic risk in which Meta is a major player. This risk can only be effectively addressed by expanding the obligations of digital platforms.

In this sense, it is necessary to expand the regulatory norms of the SPA and the National Data Protection Agency, beyond transparency reports and the mandatory removal after notification of official administrative decisions, but also with the mandatory inclusion of social and technological resources for monitoring, identifying and moderating this ecosystem.